Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) Christmas Program on Shortwave, 2022 (01)

If Germany’s Northern German Radio (Norddeutscher Rundfunk, NDR) has it right in its December 2022 schedule, the traditional program of greetings from the shore to the Seven Seas (minus the Pacific, it seems) will be on air on Christmas Eve from 18:03 to 21:00 UTC. That would be in line with last year’s broadcasting time, which was also just three instead of the traditional four hours.

^{Hello World, this is Leer calling}
–
»»»»» Beginning of Update, Nov 30, 2022

Times and frequencies

Target Areas	Schedule Nov 26 (now invalid)	Schedule Nov 30 (most recently)
Atlantic (North)	6145 kHz
Atlantic (South)	9830 kHz	13725 kHz
Atlantic (Northwest)	—	15770 kHz
Atlantic (Northeast)	—	6030 kHz
Atlantic / Indian Ocean	9590 kHz	11650 kHz
Indian Ocean	—	9740 kHz
Indian Ocean (West)	9740 kHz
Indian Ocean (East)	9675 kHz
Europe	6155 kHz	6080 kHz

This leaves us with some guesswork, but tradition and target areas seem to suggest that the Atlantics will be served from Nauen (Germany) or from Issoudun (France). and 6155 kHz look like Moosbrunn (Austria), especially as the Austrian Broadcasting Service (Österreichischer Rundfunk Service, ORS) seem to target all of Europe (360°) from there with their daily morning and midday broadcasts in German.

But to be honest, I’m really wildly guessing. Hopefully, NDR will follow up with some more details about transmitter sites, soon.

Still update, Nov 30, 2022

I’m not sure how the NDR schedule had arrived at the previous schedule (Nov 26) – those weren’t last year’s Christmas frequencies either. But moving up the spectrum makes sense, as maximum usable frequencies have been rising for a while, and are likely to do so until about 2025.

End of update Nov 30 «««««

In some ways, the program seems to be going back to normal as far as its  format is concerned. People are no longer confined to their computers and the internet – people meet again. Christmas messages from seafarers’ relatives ashore will be pre-recorded in Leer (East Frisia / Ostfriesland) on December 11, and in Hamburg on December 18, in settings as christmaslike as possible, 13 or six days ahead of the big day (or night) itself.

What will be missing this year (it appears) is the religious service – the only part of the traditional shortwave broadcasts that actually used to be live on the air. That would follow at 22:00 UTC, but only on VHF, digital, or streamed.

Li Zhanshu: “Russia made an important Choice and acted firmly”

Meeting Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko
Xinwen Lianbo, Sept 11, 2022

Li Zhanshu’s talk isn’t exactly going viral on Chinese mass media, and appears to be only just beginning to catch attention on Twitter . The current Chairman of the Standing Committee of the “National People’s Congress” (China’s rubberstamp parliament), told Russian parliament speaker Vyacheslav Volodin and leaders of Russian parliament factions that

We see that the United States and its NATO allies are expanding their presence near the Russian borders, seriously threatening national security and the lives of Russian citizens. We fully understand the necessity of all the measures taken by Russia aimed at protecting its key interests, we are providing our assistance,

and

On the Ukrainian issue, we see how they have put Russia in an impossible situation. And in this case, Russia made an important choice and responded firmly

A transcript (and a much-shared video) on Twitter in Chinese:

对俄罗斯在核心利益和重大关切问题，中方对俄罗斯也是表示理解和充分的支持。就像现在的乌克兰问题，美国和北约直接逼到俄罗斯的家门口，涉及到俄罗斯的国家安全和人民的生命安全，在这种情况下，俄罗斯采取认为适合应当的一些措施，中方是表示理解的，并且从不同方面给予策应。

栗战书：“对俄罗斯在核心利益和重大关切问题，中方对俄罗斯也是表示理解和充分的支持。就像现在的乌克兰问题，美国和北约直接逼到俄罗斯的家门口，涉及到俄罗斯的国家安全和人民的生命安全，在这种情况下，俄罗斯采取认为适合应当的一些措施，中方是表示理解的，并且从不同方面给予策应。”） https://t.co/MGaeCh9GUZ

— Wen 💙💛 (@wenyunchao) September 14, 2022

https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js
The translator adds a disclaimer, saying he doesn’t understand Li’s Shanxi accent too well, but that this is about what he said.

Radio Taiwan International (RTI) 2022 Shortwave Transmissions to Europe, from Tamsui, in French and in German

Taiwan Blue Magpie, aka “long-tailed mountain lady”, featured
on RTI German Service’s 2021 special QSL card

Test transmissions led to the choice of 11,955 11995 kHz for broadcasts at 17:00 UTC, and 9545 kHz for broadcasts on 19:00 UTC. All broadcasts in German are one-hour transmissions, and they provide listeners with an idea of the content they don’t usually get to hear on shortwave, as regular broadcasts via Kostinbrod relay, Bulgaria, are only 30 minutes long.
The other half of the program can usually only be found online.
The special summer transmissions at 17 and 19 hours from Tamsui can be heard on 17 and 19 h UTC on every Friday, Saturday and Sunday for the rest of July.

In August, every Friday, Saturday and Sunday, there will be direct transmissions from Tamsui in French, also one-hour programs, at 17:00 on 11,995 kHz and at 19:00 UTC on 9545 kHz.

Reception reports are reliably confirmed with special QSL cards for Tamsui transmissions, and the German and the French services issue QSL cards different from each other – so reporting on both language programs makes a lot of sense for collectors.

Chinese-Philippines Ties: “Brimming with Expectations”

The following is my translation of a press release by the Chinese foreign ministry (FMPRC), published on Wednesday morning (GMT) this week.

Links within blockquotes were added during translation.

一百聞不如一見：
maritime disputes (click map for source)

Main Link: 

Wang Yi meets Philippine national security advisor Carlos

王毅会见菲律宾国家安全顾问卡洛斯

On July 6 local time, State Councillor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with Philippine National Security Advisor Ms Carlos¹⁾ in Manila.

当地时间2022年7月6日，国务委员兼外长王毅在马尼拉会见菲律宾国家安全顾问卡洛斯女士。

Wang Yi said that Sino-Philippine have a thousand-year history of friendly relations. During the past six years, with the joint efforts of both sides, Sino-Philippine relations had achieved a change for the better and advanced quality. The election of President Marcos had opened a new page in Sino-Philippine relations, and the two countries’ peoples were brimming with expectations for the development of bilateral relations. This visit represents the Chinese side’s focus on Sino-Philippine relations and its support for the new government, the continuity and stability in China’s friendly policies toward the Philippines. China would like to cooperate with the Philippine side to implement the important consensus between the two heads of state, to deepen pragmatic cooperation and to initiate another “golden age” in Sino-Philippines relations.

王毅表示，中菲有着千年友好交往历史。过去6年来，在双方共同努力下，中菲关系实现转圜改善、提质升级。马科斯总统当选为中菲关系翻开了新的一页，两国人民对双边关系发展充满期待。此访旨在体现中方对中菲关系的重视和对菲新一届政府的支持，体现中国对菲友好政策的连续性和稳定性。中方愿同菲方落实好两国元首重要共识，深化各领域务实合作，开创中菲关系下一个“黄金时代”。

Carlos said that the two peoples of the Philippines and China were were deeply attached and culturally connected to each other. China was a friendly major power. Chairman Xi Jinping had emphasized that he wanted to create a prosperous and beautiful future together with the Ascia-Pacific countries. The Philippine side is fully in favor of this and would like to broaden exchange and cooperation with the Chinese side, handle disagreements properly, promote mutual trust, improve confidence, gather goodwill and strengthen friendship.

卡洛斯说，菲中两国人民相亲、文化相通。中国是友善的大国。习近平主席强调要同亚太国家共创共享和平繁荣的美好未来，菲方完全赞同，愿同中方扩大交流合作，妥善处理分歧，促进互信、增强信心、积累善意，巩固友好。

Wang Yi said that China had never followed the traditional great powers’ road of colonialism and lootings and that it would maintain its own peaceful development, maintain cooperation and win-win, maintain shared development of opportunities with neighboring countries, join hands to build the community of human destiny²⁾ together and take good care the global village inhabited by all of us together.

王毅说，中国从不走传统大国殖民掠夺的老路，将坚持自身和平发展，坚持合作共赢，坚持与邻国分享发展机遇，携手共建人类命运共同体，呵护好我们共同居住的地球村。

Wang Yi emphasized that China and the Philippines were neighbors neither of which could be moved away, and our choice was friendship, friendship, and friendship again. The healthy continuation and the stable development of Sino-Philippine relatoins was in accordance with the two countries’ and the two peoples’ fundamental and long-term interests. Given the current international and regional situation full of uncertainty and instability, the two sides must continue and enhance their traditional friendship, and let Sino-Philippines relations become more stable and durable, so as to keep them moving forward on the right track.

王毅强调，中菲是搬不走的邻居，我们唯一的选择就是友好、友好、再友好。中菲关系健康持续稳定发展符合两国和两国人民的根本和长远利益。面对当前充满不确定不稳定性的国际地区形势，双方要传承弘扬传统友好，使中菲关系更加稳固坚韧，始终沿着正确轨道向前发展。

Both sides believed unanimously that people-to-people exchange should be strengthened and that the two countries’ friendly public opinion and the societal foundations of the two countries’ friendship be solidified.

双方一致认为应加强人文交流，夯实两国友好的民意和社会基础。

The two sides unanimously believed that the valuable experience of the two countries should be summed up, the overall situation of Sino-Philippine friendship should be actively protected, bilateral relations should not be defined by disputes, and definite differences not be allowed to be in the way of the two countries’ cooperation.

双方一致认为应总结两国交往宝贵经验，努力维护中菲友好大局，不以争议定义双边关系，不让具体分歧阻碍两国合作。

____________

Notes

¹⁾ Clarita Reyes Carlos, aka Clarita Carlos
²⁾ frequently, but not precisely, translated as a community with a shared future
____________

Radio Taiwan International (RTI) 2022 Shortwave Transmissions to Europe, from Tamsui, in French and in German

–
======================================
Update, May 28, 2023
RTI says there will be direct transmissions from Taiwan
in summer 2023, too, but the details are yet to be
announced
======================================

Tamsui transmitters site, NW Taiwan, RTI QSL card 2015

Update: weekend transmissions in July and August from Tamsui, Taiwan

RTI German Service

As is tradition at RTI’s German Service, Radio Taiwan International has scheduled one-hour broadcasts directly from Tamsui, NW Taiwan, to Europe. Those are a great opportunity to listen to a wider range of RTI programs. Usually, outside this special summer season, you only get to hear about half of the gems RTI German has in store for its listeners – the other half can only be listend to online. Also, the usual RTI German broadcasting routine goes through a relay transmitting site in Bulgaria, on 5900 kHz from 19:00 to 19:30 UTC.

There will be test transmissions from Tamsui to Europe on Saturday, June 25, at the following times and on the following frequencies:

Time UTC/GMT	Frequency
17:00 – 17:10	11995 kHz
17:30 – 17:40	11995 kHz
19:00 – 19:10	9545 kHz
19:20 – 19:30	7240 kHz
19:40 – 19:50	7250 kHz

Your reception reports will probably matter, because Radio Taiwan International  says they are going to choose the two frequencies that are reported to work best for their one-hour broadcasts in July.

Those July broadcasts are scheduled as follows (time only, for now):

Friday, July 08, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Saturday, July 08, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Sunday, July 08, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Friday, July 15, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Saturday, July 16, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Sunday, July 17, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Friday, July 22, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Saturday, July 23, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Sunday, July 24, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Friday, July 29, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Saturday, July 30, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC
Sunday, July 31, 2022;	17:00 – 18:00 UTC	& 19:00 – 20:00 UTC

RTI French Service

For the first time, Radio Taiwan International’s French service also broadcasts directly from Tamsui, Taiwan.

They plan to test the same frequencies as RTI German does, but on Saturday, July 2. The times and frequencies for the test transmissions, also ten minutes each, will be the same as the German service’s tests on June 25.

Here, too, listeners’ reception reports will define the choice of frequencies, according to RTI French. Their one-hour broadcasts are scheduled for August, on every weekend from Fridays through Sundays, i. e. the month following the German weekends, also at 17:00 UTC and 19:00 UTC respectively.

Radio Taiwan International reliably confirms reception reports with QSL cards.

Good DX, and happy listening!

Enorth: China Eastern MU5735 Preliminary Investigation Report, April 20

CCTV coverage, March 24, 2022

The following is my translation of a preliminary report (or its April-20 reproduction by Tianjin’s Enorth news portal) on China Eastern Yunnan Airlines MU5735 flight’s crash on March 21 this year. I.

My translation is partly based on an illustrative wiki which shows components of an Airbus A380. The crashed plane in question was a Boeing, but I couldn’t find a similarly informative description of a Boeing.

Questions, information and corrections are welcome.

“March-21” China Eastern MU5735 flight crash preliminary investigation status notification.
“3·21”东航MU5735飞行事故调查初步报告的情况通报
Source: Civil Aviation Administration of China website / author, [Enorth] editor: Jin Yongfeng / April 20, 2022, 17:37 h
来源： 中国民航局网站 作者： 编辑：靳永锋 2022-04-20 17:37:00

Summary: On March 21, 2022, a China Eastern Yunnan Airlines Boeing 737-800 type B-1791 on its MU5735 flight from Kunming to Guangzhou rapidly descended from its 8,900 meters travel altitude over Guangzhou air control territory, and finally fell to the ground and crashed in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region / Wuzhou City / Teng County / Langnan Township‘s / Molang Village.
内容提要：2022年3月21日，东方航空云南有限公司波音737-800型B-1791号机，执行MU5735昆明至广州航班，在广州管制区域巡航时，自航路巡航高度8900米快速下降，最终坠毁在广西壮族自治区梧州市藤县埌南镇莫埌村附近。

On March 21, 2022, a China Eastern Yunnan Airlines Boeing 737-800 type B-1791 on its MU5735 flight from Kunming to Guangzhou rapidly descended from its 8,900 meters travel altitude over guangzhou air control territory, and finally fell to the ground and crashed in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region / Wuzhou City Teng County Langnan Township’s Molang Village.
2022年3月21日，东方航空云南有限公司波音737-800型B-1791号机，执行MU5735昆明至广州航班，在广州管制区域巡航时，自航路巡航高度8900米快速下降，最终坠毁在广西壮族自治区梧州市藤县埌南镇莫埌村附近。飞机撞地后解体，机上123名旅客、9名机组成员全部遇难。

According to “International Convention on Civil Aviation regulations ^*), the investigating country must send a preliminary investigation report to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) within thirty days after the crash. This report’s content is often about factual information gathered until then, and does not include accident analysis or conclusions.
根据《国际民用航空公约》规定，在事故之日起30天内，调查组织国须向国际民航组织和参与调查国发送调查初步报告，其内容通常为当前所获取的事实信息，不包括事故原因分析及结论。目前《“3·21”东航MU5735航空器飞行事故调查初步报告》已完成，报告主要包括飞行经过、机组机务人员、适航维修、残骸分布等事实信息。主要情况如下：

The plane took off from Kunming Changshui International Airport’s runway 21 at 13:16, rose to its travel altitude of 8,900 meters by 13:27, and entered Guangzhou air control airspace along the A599  air route at 14:17. At 14:20:55 a “Deviation from prescribed altitude” alert appeared on Guangzhou air control’s radar. The plane broke away from its travel altitude, air control staff immediately called the crew, but got no reply. At 14:21:40, the radar recorded the last signal from the aircraft as “standard pressure altimeter 3,380 meters altitude at a groundspeed of 1,010 km per hour, direction 117 degrees”. Soon after, the radar signal disappeared.
飞机于北京时间13:16从昆明长水机场21号跑道起飞，13:27上升至巡航高度8900米,14:17沿A599航路进入广州管制区,14:20:55广州区域管制雷达出现“偏离指令高度”告警，飞机脱离巡航高度，管制员随即呼叫机组，但未收到任何回复。14:21:40雷达最后一次记录的飞机信息为：标准气压高度3380米，地速1010千米/小时，航向117度。随后，雷达信号消失。

Aircraft tail, Wiki, CC BY-SA 3.0 – click picture for source –
this shows the design of an Airbus A380 which
may differ significantly from a Boeing 737

The crash site is in a valley stretching from the southeast to the northwest near Molang Village of Langnan Township in Teng County, of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region’s Wuzhou City. A 45 square meters puddle of 2.7 meters depth is clearly visible on the ground, and has been determined to be the point of impact at 23° 19′ 25.52” north and 111° 06′ 44.30” east. The plane’s debris was mainly found on and under the ground in an azimuth of zero to 150 degrees from the point of impact. About twelve km from the point of impact, the right wingtip’s trailing edge was found. Mountain forests and vegetation at the crash site showed traces of fire. The right wingtip’s trailing edge was found about twelve km away from the impact point. Horizontal stabilizers and the vertical stabilizer, rudders, the left and right engines, the greater wings, body components, the undercarriage, cockpit inside components and other main wreckage were found at the site. After the wreckage had been searched and gathered, it was taken to a dedicated depot as a whole to be tidied up and to be identified,and for the pieces to be placed into their actual positions, to facilitate further inspection and analysis.
事故现场位于广西壮族自治区梧州市藤县埌南镇莫埌村附近一个东南至西北走向的山谷中。现场可见面积约45平米、深2.7米的积水坑，判定为主撞击点，位置为北纬23°19′25.52″，东经111°06′44.30″。飞机残骸碎片主要发现于撞击点0°至150°方位范围内的地面及地下。距主撞击点约12公里处发现右翼尖小翼后缘。事故现场山林植被有过火痕迹。现场发现水平安定面、垂直尾翼、方向舵、左右发动机、左右大翼、机身部件、起落架及驾驶舱内部件等主要残骸。所有残骸从现场搜寻收集后，统一转运到专用仓库进行清理、识别，按照飞机实际尺寸位置对应摆放，便于后续检查分析。

The Investigation shows that the flight crew on duty, the cabin crew and maintenance staff were qualified in accordance with the requirements, and the aircraft’s airworthiness documents were valid, with neither the most recent A-check (31A) nor the most recent C-check (3C) being beyond the time limits specified in the maintenance plans. There was no malfunction information before the flight and at the short-stop release on that day, no dangerous goods were declared, and the flight route, its vicinity and the monitoring equipment showed no anomalies. The last normal radiotelephony communication with the crew was at 14:16. The plane’s two flight recorders were badly damaged, and data restoration and analysis is ongoing.

经调查，当班飞行机组、客舱机组和维修放行人员资质符合要求；事故航空器适航证件有效，飞机最近一次A检（31A）及最近1次C检（3C）未超出维修方案规定的检查时限，当天航前和短停放行无故障报告，无故障保留；机上无申报为危险品的货物；此次飞行涉及的航路沿途导航和监视设施、设备未见异常，无危险天气预报；在偏离巡航高度前，机组与空管部门的无线电通信和管制指挥未见异常，最后一次正常陆空通话的时间为14:16；机上两部记录器由于撞击严重受损，数据修复及分析工作仍在进行中。

Follwing up, the technical investigation team will continue to carry out in-depth wreckage identification, classification and inspection, flight data analysis, the required tests, verification and other investigations.
后续，技术调查组将依据相关程序继续深入开展残骸识别、分类及检查、飞行数据分析、必要的实验验证等调查工作，科学严谨查明事故原因。

____________

Notes

^*) also known as the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation
____________

Related

“Vicious smearing against China”, “Global Times”, May 18, 2022
____________

Radio Austria expands Shortwave Transmissions

Radio Austria expanded its German-language broadcasts on March 1.

The morning program runs from 06:00 to 07:20 UTC from Monday through Friday and from 06:00 to 07:10 on Saturdays and Sundays, on 6155 kHz.

The two newly-added programs run from 11:00 UTC to 12:00 UTC on 13730 kHz (Monday through Sunday) and from 17:00 to 17:25 on 5940 kHz (only Monday through Friday).

It appears that the transmitters work omni-directionally, as Austrian radio says that the programs can be heard all over Europe, including Ukraine.

Their press relase also points out that shortwave remains available for listeners even if mobile-phone networks and other communications don’t work anymore.

Austrian radio press release, march 1, 2022

Update
The German program at noon includes an English-langague news bulletin, from about 11:54 to 11:57 UTC.

–

Wang Yi: Minsk II “the only way”

–

Xinhua MSC coverage, Febr 19

Main link: FMPRC press release, Febr 19

On February 19 in the evening, State Councillor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi, on invitation, took part in the 58th Munich Security Conference, gave a keynote speech by video link from Beijing. He answered the conference host’s questions concerning China’s approach and position concerning NATO eastward expansion, European security and the situation in Ukraine.

2022年2月19日晚，国务委员兼外长王毅在北京应邀以视频方式出席第58届慕尼黑安全会议中国专场并发表主旨讲话。王毅现场回答了主持人有关中方对于北约东扩、欧洲安全和乌克兰局势态度立场的问题。

Wang Yi said that the Cold War has long ended. Being a result of the Cold War years, NATO should judge the hour and size up the situation and make necessary adjustments. If NATO blindly expanded eastward, will that be conducive for maintaining long-term peace and stability in Europe? This is a question our European friends should seriously reflect on.

王毅表示，冷战早已结束，北约作为当年冷战的产物，应该审时度势，作出必要调整。如果北约一味东扩，是否有利于维护欧洲的和平稳定，是否有利于实现欧洲长治久安？这是一个值得欧洲朋友认真思考的问题。

Wang Yi emphasized that all countries’sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity ought to be respected and protected as this was a fundamental standard in international relations, reflecting the United Nations Charter’s objectives. It was also a principled position that had always been upheld by China, and Ukraine was no exception. If anyone doubted China’s position on this issue, that was just a hype with ulterior motives, and a distortion of China’s position.

王毅强调，各国的主权、独立和领土完整都应当得到尊重和维护，因为这是国际关系的基本准则，体现的是联合国宪章的宗旨，也是中方一贯秉持的原则立场，对乌克兰也不例外。如果有人在此问题上质疑中方的态度，那就是别有用心的炒作，也是对中方立场的歪曲。

Wang Yi said that as a permanent Security Council member, China had always decided on its position based on the merit of the issue itself, thus handling international matters. China believed that concerning the Ukraine issue, one should get back to the Minsk II starting point. As this agreement was binding,  agreed upon by all parties after negotiations, and obtained the Security Council’s approval, it was the only way to solve the Ukraine issue. According to our understanding, both Russia and the European Union support Minsk II, and when I had a phone conversation with US Secretary of State Blinken recently, America also expressed support. As that’s the case, why can’t the parties sit down together for a full discussion, produce a roadmap and a timetable towards a workable protocol? What every party needs to do now is to earnestly assume responsibility, make efforts for peace, rather than blindly pushing up raising tensions, creating panic and make war.

王毅表示，中国作为安理会常任理事国，一贯按照事情本身的是非曲直决定自身立场，处理国际事务。中方认为，在乌克兰问题上，现在应该尽快回到新明斯克协议这一原点。因为这一协议是当事方通过谈判达成的具有约束力的协议，得到了联合国安理会的核可，是解决乌克兰问题的唯一出路。据我了解，俄罗斯、欧盟方面都支持新明斯克协议，前不久我同美国国务卿布林肯通电话时，美方也表示支持。既然如此，为什么各方不能坐在一起进行充分讨论，制定出落实协议的路线图和时间表。当前各方需要做的是，切实负起责任，为和平而努力，而不是一味推高紧张，制造恐慌，甚至渲染战争。

As for the prospects of solving the Ukraine issue, Wang Yi said that Ukraine should become a bridge, connecting East and West, rather than a frontline state in the confrontation of powers. As for European security, all sides could raise their own concerns, with Russia’s reasonable security concerns being respected and taken seriously. China expected that all sides should find a solution through dialog and consultation.

至于乌克兰问题解决前景，王毅表示，乌克兰应当成为东西方沟通的桥梁，而不应该成为大国对抗的前沿。对于欧洲安全，各方都可以提出自己的关切，其中俄方的合理安全关切应该得到尊重和重视。中方期待各方通过对话协商，找到真正有利于维护欧洲安全的解决方案。