Author Archive

Wednesday, February 28, 2024

With Xi’s Help: a “clean and righteous science and research environment”


Main Link

The party committee’s theory study center group at the Chinese Academy of Science Time Service Center held a collective study session for specific study of the newly revised “Regulations on Disciplinary Measures by the Communist Party of China” (regulations” in the following), to study and implement study action. The study session was chaired by party secretary Dou Zhong.

2月23日上午,中国科学院国家授时中心党委理论学习中心组召开学习会,专题学习新修订的《中国共产党纪律处分条例》(以下简称“条例”),研究部署学习贯彻举措。学习会由党委书记窦忠主持。

At the meeting, deputy party secretary and disciplinary secretary Chen Gaixue led the specific study. He explained the revised “regulations'” important meaning systematically, from Xi Jinping’s Thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and the perspective of the party’s 20th national conference’s spiritual thorough implementation. […]

会上,党委副书记、纪委书记陈改学围绕《条例》作了专题领学,他从学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神贯彻落实等方面,系统阐释了修订《条例》的重要意义,[…..]

The relevant working departments must, by defining a plan for the entire institute’s study and implementation of the “regulations”, by compiling a party discipline reminder handbook, strengthen the guidance of every party organization levels, supervise and urge completion of the “regulations'” implementation at all levels, guide all party members run through an encompassing connecting thread of the “regulations” from beginning to end, so as to jointly create a clean and righteous science and research environment.

相关职能部门要通过制定全所学习贯彻《条例》计划、编制党员党纪提醒手册,加强对各级党组织学习工作督导检查等方式,督促各级党组织开展《条例》学习贯彻,引导全体党员把《条例》要求贯穿始终,落到实处,共同营造风清气正的科研环境。

Wednesday, January 31, 2024

Ma Hui: Neighborhood Transformation, Solidarity with Cuba

(1) “Unity starts from the Neighborhoods”

Main Link: Radio Rebelde, Cuba, January 30, 2024

Radio Rebelde coverage, January 30, 2024
Ma Hui (2nd left), Hernández (r)

China y Cuba: Unidos desde el barrio
30 de enero de 2024
Carlos Manuel Serpa
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Este martes la sede nacional de los Comités de Defensa de la Revolución (CDR) acogió el encuentro entre Gerardo Hernández Nordelo máximo dirigente de la organización y el Embajador de la República Popular China en Cuba el Sr. Ma Hui. This Tuesday, the National Committees for the Defense of the Revolution hosted the meeting between Gerardo Hernández Nordelo, main head of the organization, and the Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China in Cuba, Senor Ma Hui.
Ambos firmaron un convenio de colaboración que inicia un proyecto de trabajo en comunidades cubanas. Valoraron además las relaciones bilaterales y están dispuestos a seguir fortaleciendo las mismas. They both signed a compact of cooperation that starts a work project in Cuban communities. They also assessed the bilateral relations and were willing to further strengthen those.
Fotos Maya Cuba Photos: Maya Cuba
El Embajador Chino expresó su rotundo rechazo al Bloqueo Económico Comercial y Financiero de los Estados Unidos contra Cuba y ratificó además que la solidaridad es una de las mejores soluciones para evadir el mismo y que Cuba siempre contará con China. The Chinese ambassador expressed his categorical rejection of the United States’ Economic, Trade and Financial Blockade and also confirmed that solidarity with Cuba is one of the best solutions to evade [that blockade], and that Cuba will always rely on China.
Hernández Nordelo expresó que la Isla y China tienen una larga historia amistosa y agradeció la apoyo de esta nación. Manifestó además que la organización está dispuesta a estrechar los vínculos con los homólogos chinos, fomentar los intercambios sobre la construcción y gobernanza social a fin de beneficiar a los pueblos de ambos países. Hernández Nordelo expressed that the Island [of Cuba] and China had a great historic friendship, and thanked for the support of this nation. He also said that the organization [National Committees for the Defense of the Revolution] was willing to intensify ties with the Chinese counterparts, promote the exchanges on social construction and government so as to benefit the peoples of both countries.
Al encuentro asistieron además Julia Iliana Durruthy Molina Vicecoordinadora Nacional de los CDR, Aranelis Barbán Secretaria Ideológica Nacional y Helen Camacho Solis Funcionaria de Relaciones Internacionales. CDR [Committees for the Defense of the Rev] Julia Iliana Durruthy Molina, National Ideological Secretary Aranelis Barbán, and Officer of International Relations Helen Camacho Solis were present at the meeting.

(2) “Practical and Beneficial Matters”

Main Link: Chinese Embassy to Cuba / Foreign Ministry, January 31, 2024

驻古巴大使马辉出席中国和平发展基金会资助古巴社区改造项目协议签字仪式
来源:(驻古巴大使馆) 2024-01-31 08:04
Ambassador to Cuba, Ma Hui, attended a signing ceremony with the China Foundation for Peace and Development, to fund Cuban community transformation projects.
2024年1月30日,驻古巴大使马辉同古巴保卫革命委员会全国总协调员埃尔南德斯共同签署中国和平发展基金会资助古巴哈瓦那一社区改造项目协议。 On January 30, 2024, at Havana, Cuba, Ambassador to Cuba Ma Hui and Cuban General Coordinator of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution Hernandez signed an agreement for community transformation projects, funded by the China Foundation for Peace and Development.
马辉大使表示,中国和平发展基金会此举旨在帮助古巴社区更新改造,增进中古两国人民合作与友谊。驻古巴使馆愿同古保革会一道,把实事办好,造福古基层民众。 Ma Hui said that this step by the China Foundation for Peace and Development is meant to help Cuban communities’ upgrading and transformation and to enhance cooperation and friendship between the Chinese and Cuban people. The embassy in Cuba wanted to work with the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution to manage practical matters well and to benefit the masses at the grassroots in Cuba.
埃尔南德斯表示这一援助体现了中古深厚兄弟情谊,是中国人民支持古巴社区建设的重要行动,古方表示感谢。 Hernandez said that this help embodies the deep brotherhood and friendship between the Chinese and Cuban people, and Cuba expressed gratitude for the Chinese people’s support for this important step in Cuban community construction.
Saturday, January 13, 2024

Taiwan: the Voters’ Wisdom

Tsai Ing-wen, Taiwan’s incumbent President, governed with two parliaments in which her party had a comfortable majority (62 of 114 seats from 2016 to 2020 and 61 of 114 seats from 2020 to 2024). Vice President Lai Ching-te who is going to succeed her as President in May, will probably have to settle for 51 or 52 of 113 seats.

Lai Ching-te, bodyguards and supporters
Where’s my new office?

That may look like bad news, but if you presume that the results express a collective intention, it is this: the voters prefer Lai over Hou Yu-ih (KMT) and Ko Wen-je (TPP), but they don’t trust him as much as they trusted Tsai Ing-wen.
With good reason. While Tsai wasn’t a great speaker, she weighed her words carefully, she was always well-prepared for whatever questions she would be asked, and she never acted as if there was only one political party in Taiwan (her governing DPP). In fact, she claimed much of the Taiwanese heritage that the KMT considered their property, most notably the memory of Chiang Ching-kuo – terrible KMT dictator, but also a facilitator of democratic change. From the beginning, and in fact even four years before she actually won the presidency, she made it clear that she stood on the constitutional foundation of the Republic of China (RoC).

That looked easy, but it wasn’t. Before Tsai took office, there were fears that she would be at odds with her party, where a lot of people want the Republic to wear a more Taiwanese, and a less Chinese hat. In fact, many DPP menbers would like to burn the Chinese hat and never wear it again. But Tsai kept these desires under a lid.

Not that China would have reciprocated for that. But China is nothing to wait for anyway. What mattered is that Tsai achieved the same status with the U.S., Taiwan’s main ally, as her KMT predecessor Ma Ying-jeou (“We are no troublemakers”), and then improved Taiwan’s status further, by giving the island a strong international profile and by focusing on economic and social issues at home otherwise.

Lai may find it harder to convince his fellow partisans – and himself – that this is the right course to steer. And he may also have his blunders, although not nearly as badly as you’d have to expect them from Ko Wen-je, who came in third in today’s presidential elections.

But what happened to Lai on December 30th, as explained here by “Frozen Garlic”, wouldn’t have happened to Tsai Ing-wen.

Lai won’t have to overcome a monolithic block of opposition, when seeking compromises with the legislative yuan, i. e. parliament. But he will have to make a case for many of his projects, and he will have to convince not so like-minded politicians that his goals are worth their support.

It seems to me that today’s election day is a pretty good day for Taiwan – though not exactly as good as the two times when Tsai won the presidential elections, in January 2016, and in January 2020. Lai was a successful prime minister and Vice President of Taiwan, but it is hard to imagine the successes in modernizing the country’s economy and in making it a sought-after partner for the international community without Tsai Ing-wen’s leadership. The good news is that the DPP remains a party with great talents: Lai himself, former health minister Chen Shih-chung (if you remember how well Taiwan did during the Covid-19 pandemic), or Audrey Tang, for example.

The President, not the Legislative Yuan, will have the final say in forming a government or cabinet. If Lai Ching-te makes good choices and wins support within the DPP and beyond, he might well earn the DPP a fourth consecutive presidential term, in 2028.

Friday, December 29, 2023

“Half Investor Angst, Half Schadenfreude”


End of Days?
Seems that Nathan Sperber put a few things straight there:

The essential thing to bear in mind about Western coverage of the Chinese economy is that the bulk of it responds to the needs of the ‘investor community’. For every intervention by a public-minded academic like Ho-fung Hung, there are dozens of specialist briefings, reports, news articles and social media posts whose target audience is indivquaiduals and firms with varying degrees of exposure to China’s market, as well as, increasingly, the foreign policy and security establishments of Western states.

That was in September.
Elsewhere, in “Le Monde Diplomatique”*), Sperber points out that as far as the manufacturing industry is concerned, China adds as much value as the US and the EU combined.

China’s problems lie elsewhere, Sperber writes – the economy doesn’t create a sufficient number of jobs that would match the qualifications of the young. Even though their skills exceed those of previous generations, they have to fear unemployment and poverty. But that, writes Sperber, isn’t something particularly Chinese.

Technically, the country isn’t even in a recession. So don’t expect China to save the West from its own  corporate greed. If you want democracy to prevail, don’t count on a Chinese implosion. Rather than that, disempower the corporations and make sure that political decisions can’t be bought.
________________

Note

*) “Le Monde Dipomatique”, German ed., December 2023, page 21

Tuesday, December 5, 2023

“New Development Concept” (新发展理念)

If you go by this online glossary by “The Center of Strategic Translation”,

[T]he roots of the problem set tackled by the New Development Concept stretch back to the early Reform Era,

i. e. the late 1970s. Growth had mainly been driven by “government investment in fixed capital assets and strong foreign demand for cheap Chinese goods” – and eventually, rising Chinese wages had to lead to a loss of those markets for cheap products. Also, there were limits to how much infrastructure and building was needed in China.

The “New Development Concept” is described as an answer to the problem the CPC is now facing. It is basically described as an approach to try to access new sources of growth.

Until 2018, that would be a switch from investment-driven to supply-side structural reform, i. e. gradually cutting enterprises that didn’t meet with domestic demand, and support new technological frontiers where the state hoped for new breakthroughs. “[U]nder the pressure of a grueling trade war”, as the article describes it, economic security came to flank the “new development concept”, often borrowing from the already existing Total National Security Paradigm (总体国家安全观).

This “New Development Pattern (新发展格局) would rely on

domestic consumers to power the Chinese economy and on a homegrown scientific-industrial complex to power China’s technological advance.

“[A] schema of self-sufficiency” is brought up in this context, but I suppose that shouldn’t be read as if the idea of self-sufficiency hadn’t been around in China before. While food security, for example, seems to have emerged rather recently as a keyword, China has never been too dependent on food imports, despite a rather small (and probably diminishing) share of arable land in its overall territory.

Certainly however, the CPC leaders have been aware of the limits of the post-Mao development model, driven by investment. As early as in 2014, Xi Jinping told Russian television that

After 30 years of reform, China has entered the deep water [or blue water], and all the pleasant reforms have been completed. The delicious meat has been eaten, and what is still on the dishes are rather tough bones. This requires our courage, and steady moves. Courage means to push reform even when it is difficult, and to prove worthy, to tackle the hard bones, and to enter dangerous shoals. Steadiness is about keeping to the accurate direction, driving steadily, and, above all, to avoid disruptive mistakes.

There are arguments that would make China’s “wolf warrior diplomacy” look logical: if China’s economy becomes less attractive for foreign investors, you may have to intimidate them, rather than to lure them. But then, China has since abandoned some of that confrontational policy, at least in its communications with Washington. Maybe the chance of “hostile forces” did come as a surprise for Beijing after all.

As for the glossary, I can’t really judge its accuracy and reliability, but it does look like a good source to me to understand CPC party documents and articles.

Sunday, November 19, 2023

A Trip to San Francisco

My general impression of Chinese media coverage of Xi Jinping’s informal APEC summit attendance and his bilateral meeting with U.S. President Joseph Biden is that it there were three main criteria for the reporters and editors to keep to:

  • Keep to the personality cult
  • Sell Xi’s trip as a huge success
  • Have caveats ready for later, if the design of China-U.S. relations doesn’t improve (or if it worsens)


Speaking to the Nodding-Heads Tribe: friendly organizations’ welcome banquet, Nov 16/17

How Chairman Xi made his audiences in America thoughtful (引人深思) by asking thought-provoking questions, how he garnered foreign leaders’ admiration*) (although there’s a need for the reporter to return to the 3rd “Belt-and-Road” leaders’ conference for that glimpse into global Xi-admiration), and, for the third criterion, that there are bottomlines or red lines that must be observed.

All in all, Xi’s trip to San Francisco has been a tour that stayed on message, within the rails of “People’s Daily’s” prelude, published on November 12.

What videos and online articles may fail to convey, and what matters to the Communist Party of China’s propaganda department, too, is the traditional arrangement of propaganda, on the front pages of old-school newspaper. It is therefore that online editions of newspapers frequently post jpg files of their hardcopy front pages online, too.

The China Media Project analyzes those front-page arrangements – a message of symmetry and friendship.

________________

Note

*)   “The world isn’t very peaceful these years. Not long ago, at the 3rd “One Belt One Road” high-ranking cooperation conference, a foreign leader, when seeing Chairman Xi, was deeply moved: the developments in the international situation have fully confirmed Chairman Xi’s strategic judgment behind the changes he has delivered.”
这些年世界很不太平。前不久的第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛期间,一位来访的外国领导人在见到习近平主席时深有感慨:国际形势的演变完全印证了习主席作出百年未有之大变局的战略判断。
People’s Daily, Oct 19, 2023

________________

Monday, November 13, 2023

“People’s Daily”: “The World’s most important Relations”

America’s and China’s heads of state are scheduled to have a bilateral meeting in San Francisco on Wednesday, and “People’s Daily” sets the scene in accordance with Xi Jinping’s wishes.
The following is my translation of an article published by “People’s Daily” on Sunday, on the upcoming meeting between U.S. President Joseph Biden and Chinese State Chairman Xi Jinping.

Main Link:
Developing Sino-American relations in Correspondence with Responsibility towards History, the People and the World. By Zhong Sheng*).
Hopes for the Sino-American heads-of-state meeting in San Francisco
本着对历史、对人民、对世界负责的态度发展中美关系(钟声)
——瞩望中美元首旧金山会晤

The Sino-American heads of state’s face-to-face meeting, the first for a year, is of great importance for the promotion and improvement of continued stable Sino-American relations, for a hand-in-hand response to global challenges, and for the promotion of global peaceful development.
中美两国元首时隔一年再次面对面会晤,对推动中美关系真正稳下来、好起来具有重要意义,对携手应对全球性挑战、推动世界和平发展亦具有重要意义

On U.S. President Biden’s invitation, State Chairman Xi Jinping will travel to San Francisco for a meeting between the two heads of state. He also follows an invitation to take part in the 30th APEC leader’s unofficial meeting. The two heads of state will enter communication concerning the major issues of the strategic, comprehensive, seminal nature of Sino-US relations, and concerning global peace and development. Chairman Xi Jinping hasn’t been to the US for six years, and it has been a year since the Chinese and American heads of states had their most recent face-to-face meeting. That is major importance, and raises global attention.
应美国总统拜登邀请,国家主席习近平将赴美国旧金山举行中美元首会晤,同时应邀出席亚太经合组织第三十次领导人非正式会议。两国元首将就事关中美关系的战略性、全局性、方向性问题,以及事关世界和平与发展的重大问题深入沟通。这是习近平主席时隔6年再次到访美国,也是中美两国元首时隔一年再次面对面会晤,意义重大,举世瞩目。

Sino-American relations are the world’s most important relations. If China and America can establish a correct path of interaction is of great concern to global peaceful development and humankind’s future destiny. Head-of-state diplomacy plays an irreplaceable role in the development of the two countries’ relations. Since February 2021, Chairman Xi Jinping has had many phone calls and meetings with President Biden, trying hard to lead Sino-American relations onto the right track forward. Chairman Xi Jinping poknted out in a video conference with President Biden in November 2021 that “the most important thing for international relations in the next fifty years is that China and America must find a correct path of interaction”. China’s policies toward America hav ebeen consistent, which maintains mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, cooperation and win-win. China is ready to seek a correct way of interaction together with America, to promote Sino-American stable steps forward.
中美关系是世界上最重要的双边关系。中美能否确立正确相处之道,攸关世界和平发展和人类前途命运。元首外交对两国关系发展发挥着不可替代的战略引领作用。2021年2月以来,习近平主席多次同拜登总统通电话、会晤,着力引领中美关系沿着正确轨道向前发展。习近平主席2021年11月在同拜登总统举行视频会晤时指出:“未来50年,国际关系中最重要的事情是中美必须找到正确的相处之道。”中方对美政策一以贯之,就是坚持相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢。中方愿在此基础上同美方探讨两国正确相处之道,推动中美关系稳步向前。

In November last year, Chairman Xi Jinping and President Biden met in BAli, Indonesia, and reached important consensus in several areas, with major deep influence on Sino-American relations. The Chinese and American heads of states’ Bali meeting clearly defined a direction which is to keep Sino-American relations from getting off the track, to find a correct path of interaction for the two great powers, to define a framework to jointly establish guiding principles or a strategic framework for Sino-American relations. This launched a process to put the two countries’ leaders’ important consensus into practice, and to control and to steady Chinese-American relations. Recently, China and America have bilaterally implemented the two leaders’ Bali consensus, improved high-level interaction, started a set of dialog mechanisms, activated local, people-to-people, cultural etc. exchange and cooperation, and bilateral relations have stopped tumbling and have stabilized.
去年11月,习近平主席同拜登总统在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行会晤,达成一系列重要共识,对中美关系产生重要深远影响。中美元首巴厘岛会晤明确了一个方向,就是要防止中美关系脱轨失控,找到两个大国正确相处之道;确定了一个框架,就是要共同探讨确立中美关系指导原则或战略性框架;启动了一个进程,就是要将两国元首重要共识落到实处,管控和稳定中美关系。近一段时间,中美双方落实两国元首巴厘岛会晤共识,增加高层互动,启动一系列对话机制,激活地方、民间、人文等多个领域交流合作,双边关系出现止跌企稳的势头。

The Sino-American heads of states’ first face-to-face meeting in a year is of great significance for the promotion of genuine stable development and improvement of Sino-American relations, for meeting global challenges hand-in-hand, and to promote global peaceful development. A “return to Bali” by China and America, “leading onto San Francisco”, is in line with their bilateral relations and the international community’s universal expectations.
中美两国元首时隔一年再次面对面会晤,对推动中美关系真正稳下来、好起来具有重要意义,对携手应对全球性挑战、推动世界和平发展亦具有重要意义。中美“重返巴厘岛、通往旧金山”,符合双方共同利益和国际社会普遍期待。

The ups and downs in Sino-American relations have taught us that China and America should always follow the three principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and cooperation and win-win. Mutual respect is a prerequisite, peaceful coexistence is the bottom line, and cooperation and win-win is the goal. There have always been differences between the two countries, and there will be differences in the future, but this can’t obstruct China’s and America’s search for common ground and to develop cooperation. China won’t become another America, and America can’t transform China based on its own taste. To respect the basic principles of international relations and the three Sino-American communiqués is the key for the two sides to control contradictions and division and to avoid confrontation and clashes. America should abandon cold-war mentality, confrontational attitude, make up for “operational deficits” by practical moves and concrete policies, and improve mutual trust between China and America. Cooperation and win-win has been the real narrative for Chinese-American relations for half a century. It is neither truthful to history to completely define Sino-US relations as competitive, nor is it factual. China’s and America’s respective successes provide opportunities for one another, not challenges. Both sides can succeed, prosper together, benefit both countries and benefit the world.
近年来中美关系跌宕起伏的经验教训表明,中美应该始终遵循相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢三原则。相互尊重是前提,和平共处是底线,合作共赢是目标。两国的差异过去有,现在有,今后还会有,但这不能妨碍中美求同存异、开展合作。中国不会成为另一个美国,美国也无法依照自己的好恶改造中国,两国相互尊重、相互包容是唯一选择。遵守国际关系基本准则和中美三个联合公报,这是双方管控矛盾分歧、防止对抗冲突的关键。美方应摒弃冷战思维、对抗心态,以切实行动和具体政策弥补“行动赤字”,增加中美战略互信。合作共赢是中美关系半个世纪以来的真实叙事,以竞争定义全部中美关系,既不尊重历史,也不符合事实。中美共同利益远远大于分歧,中美各自取得成功对彼此是机遇而非挑战。双方完全可以相互成就、共同繁荣,造福两国,惠及世界。

As two great powers, China and America bear a particular responsibility and should show great powers’ broad-mindedness and far-sightedness. Only with a responsible attitude that corresponds with history, the people and global responsibility can we enhance our two people’s well-being, advance human societies’ progress, and make contributions to global peaceful development.
中美作为两个大国,肩负特殊责任,理应展现大国的胸怀、视野和担当。唯有本着对历史、对人民、对世界负责的态度,处理好中美关系,才能不断增进两国人民福祉,促进人类社会进步,为世界和平发展作出贡献。

To be responsible to history means to absorb historic experience, to firmly graph the historic initiative. History is the present tense of the past, and today is tomorrow’s history. No matter if the two countries and peoples of America opposed the flames of fascist war and shared the same hatred for the enemy, jointly defended peace and justice, or whether it has been the continuous development of the two countries’ relations ever since the establishment of diplomatic relations, come shine, come rain, this benefited the two countries and the world, and historic facts have once again shown that China and America both stand to benefit together and both hurt themselves in conflict. Cooperation is the best choice for China and America. Some people in America are hyping the so-called “failure of engagement with China” talk, in a departure from historic reality. When America defines China as its “most important competitor and adversary” and as its “major geopolitical challenge”, etc., it is irresponsible towards history. Great powers’ competition doesn’t correspond with the trend of the era and does even less to solve practical challenges. At this critical juncture, each of China’s and America’s choices will be justly recorded by history. The two sides should view, should handle relations with each other from the height of hisotiric development and jointly explore the correct path of the two countries’ interaction, and ensure that Chinese-American relations are a force that promotes historic progress.
对历史负责,就是要汲取历史经验,把握历史主动。历史是过去的今天,今天是未来的历史。无论是中美两国人民在世界反法西斯战争的烽火硝烟中同仇敌忾,共同捍卫和平与正义,还是建交以来两国关系历经风雨不断发展,造福了两国和世界,历史事实都一再证明,中美合则两利,斗则俱伤,合作始终是中美两国的最好选择。美方一些人炒作所谓“对华接触失败论”,背离历史真相。美方将中国定位为“最主要竞争对手”“最重大地缘政治挑战”等,不符合事实,是对历史的不负责任。大国竞争不符合时代潮流,更解决不了现实挑战。站在历史发展的关键当口,中美的每一个抉择都将为历史所公正记录。双方应该从历史发展的高度看待和处理彼此关系,共同探讨新时期两国正确相处之道,确保中美关系是推动历史进步的力量。

To be accountable to the people means to correctly see joint benefit and to seek mutual accomplishment. Recently, Sino-American people-to-people contacts have written new moving stories. The “Bond with Kuliang” has continued the friendship of 100 years ago, the “U.S.-China Youth and Student Exchange Association” actively promote friendly exchange between Chinese and American young people, the Flying Tiger veterabs carry forward Sino-American cooperation’s precious spiritual wealth, and the Philadelphia Orchestra continues to write the records of its friendship with the Chinese people, records that extend over half a century … To strengthen exchanges, deepen friendship, cooperation and friendship corresponds with the expectations of both countries’ peoples and is the choice of both of them Sino-American relations have been in a difficult situation in recent years, and this does not correspond with the interests of the two peoples. The costs of “cutting ties and breaking up links” will ultimately be born by the people. Blocking exchanges cuts off channels of mutual understanding and attachment between people, and confrontation between great powers sacrifices the people’s development opportunities. China and America must both bear in mind what the peoples of the two countries think and act in accordance with their hopes, visit each other more often, have more dialogue, more exchanges. They must melt away the ice of misunderstandings and misjudgement, and build a bridge of mutual understanding.
对人民负责,就是要正视共同利益,追求相互成就。近来,中美民间交往不断书写新的动人故事。“鼓岭之友”延续100年前的友谊佳话,“美中青少年学生交流协会”为中美青年友好交往积极行动,飞虎队老兵传承和弘扬中美合作的宝贵精神财富,费城交响乐团续写与中国人民之间跨越半个世纪的音乐友谊……加强交流、深化友谊、合作共赢是两国人民的共同期待和共同选择。中美关系近年来处于困难局面,这不符合两国人民的根本利益。“脱钩断链”的成本最终要由人民埋单,阻遏交流切断的是人民相知相亲的渠道,搞大国对抗牺牲的是人民的发展机遇。中美双方要想两国人民之所想、行两国人民之所盼,多走动、多对话、多交流,消融误解误判的坚冰,构筑相互了解的桥梁。

To be responsible means to listen to international calls, to lead global cooperation. China and America are permanent members of the UN Security Council, the world’s two largest economic entities with an economic weight of more than one third of the global economy, a quarter of the world’s population, bilateral trade at a fifth of global trade. They have a major responsibility for global peace, stability and development. The world enters a time of change and upheaval, uncertainty, instablility, and increasing unpredictable factors. The international community universally opes that Sino-American relations will soon return to healthy and stable development, and instill stability, determinacy and constructiveness into the turbulent global fabric. Looking at the world today, post-pandemic global economic recovery, reaction to climate change, solutions to regional trouble spots etc. inevitably depend on Sino-American coordination and cooperation. Not only are the two countries’ joint forces needed to respond to global challenges; they are not only necessary for global peaceful development, but they are also the point of responsibility of great powers.
对世界负责,就是要倾听国际呼声,引领全球合作。中美两国是联合国安理会常任理事国、全球前两大经济体,经济总量超过世界1/3、人口总数占世界近1/4、双边贸易额约占世界1/5,对世界的和平、稳定与发展负有重要责任。世界进入新的动荡变革期,不确定、不稳定、难预料因素增多。国际社会普遍希望中美关系早日重回健康稳定发展轨道,为变乱交织的世界注入稳定性、确定性、建设性。放眼当前世界,全球经济疫后复苏、应对气候变化、解决地区热点问题等都离不开中美协调合作。双方合力应对全球性挑战,不仅是世界和平发展之需,也是大国责任之所在。

Facing changes not seen for a century, every responsible politician must confidently and courageously assume and respond to the tasks of the eara and make a historic choice. China and America should bilaterally maintain the three principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, cooperation and win-win, with a responsible attitude that correspnds with history, the people and the world, address and promote the healthy and stable development of Sino-American relations, and make unceasing efforts to this end.
百年未有之大变局下,每一个负责任的政治家都必须以信心、勇气、担当,回答时代课题,作出历史抉择。中美双方应坚持相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢三原则,本着对历史、对人民、对世界负责的态度,朝着推动中美关系健康稳定发展相向而行、不断努力。

(Editors: Zhao Xinyue, Yuan Bo)
(责编:赵欣悦、袁勃)

*) Zhong Sheng is one of the main pseudonyms in “People’s Daily’s” authors list
Thursday, October 26, 2023

China Radio International and its Russian Target Areas

Transmissions in the Russian language have a special place at CRI: only the number of transmission hours in English and Chinese is bigger than those in Russian. Russian probably ranks high in the schedules of China’s state broadcaster for a number of reasons: historical, for the sake of cooperation in “working for a multi-polar world”, and because of a shared border of 3,645 kilometers (exceeded only by the Sino-Mongolian border).

A geographically large neighbor is also a technical challenge for a shortwave broadcaster. The fifth column from the right in this table, published some time this week by the High Frequency Cooperation Conference, states a beam (5th column from right) with (almost) every time and frequency (first three columns). That’s no big deal when CRI targets Turkey, any western or central European country, or Australia. But look at the width a beam would have to have to cover all of Russia (cutout from this Library of Congress map):


This would be 130° (50° from 310 to 360 at the top, plus 80° from 360 to 80).
The number of time Russian time zones is probably still a bigger challenge. The first batch of transmission hours runs from 00:00 UTC to 06:00 UTC; the second from 08:00 to 21:00 UTC, and the third and last from 23:00 to 24:00 UTC.
A total of eight transmitter sites are scheduled to deliver CRI’s Russian service – Baoji, Beijing, Hohot, Jinhua, Shijiazhuang, Xi’an, Kashgar (aka Kashi), and Urumqi.
The following are the transmitting hours in CRI’s “top 25” languages, i. e. number of hours on air * frequencies used.

Language Hours %
English 184.00 24.68%
Standard Chinese 167.00 22.40
Russian 65.00 8.72%
French 23.00 3.09%
Vietnamese 21.00 2.82%
Japanese 18.00 2.41%
Spanish 18.00 2.41%
Mongolian 12.00 1.61%
Arabic 10.00 1.34%
Esperanto 10.00 1.34%
Hindi 10.00 1.34%
Khmer 10.00 1.34%
Bengali 8.00 1.07%
Nepalese 8.00 1.07%
Tamil 8.00 1.07%
Indonesian 6.00 0.80%
Korean 6.00 0.80%
Swahili 6.00 0.80%
Hausa 5.00 0.67%
Burmese 4.00 0.40%
Filipino 4.00 0.54%
Laotian 4.00 0.54%
Pashto 4.00 0.54%
Thai 4.00 0.54%
Farsi 3.00 0.54%
Other languages 127.50 17.10%


Goats through the decades: Radio Beijing / CRI QSLs from 1986, 1987, 2016

The schedules don’t come from the Sinai. Some stations may claim more airtime and frequencies than they will actually use. Greece also claimed its traditional shortwave frequencies, but as far as I know, they don’t have any transmitters ready that would be operational.

Also, direct broadcasting isn’t everything, certainly not for China Radio International. It’s borrowed boats came to (unwelcome) fame about eight years ago, and a lot of Chinese propaganda may be offered to local stations worldwide for free.

But broadcasting schedules can give us an idea about Chinese foreign-policy priorities.
P. S.: The CRI schedule also includes European languages besides Russian – but those frequencies only get announcements in the respective languages at the beginning and the end. The rest is nonstop music during what used to be program hours.

Apparently, China’s leaders have given up on trying to convince Europeans that Han Chinese, Tibetans and Uyghurs are “one happy family”, or that China is a role model for national development elsewhere.
The propaganda battleground, more than ever, is in China’s neighborhood, in South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, in Latin America, and, of course, in Novaya Kitaya, er, Russia.